Law of the People's Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation

中华人民共和国主席 胡锦涛

December 25, 2010

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, Dec. 25

 

Chapter I General rules

第一条 为了预防和治理水土流失，保护和合理利用水土资源，减轻水、旱、风沙灾害，改善生态环境，保障经济社会可持续发展，制定本法。

Article 2 Soil and water conservation activities within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be conducted in compliance with this Law。

The term "water and soil conservation" as used in this Law refers to the measures taken to prevent and control soil erosion caused by natural factors and man-made activities。

第三条 Soil and water conservation工作实行预防为主、保护优先、全面规划、综合治理、因地制宜、突出重点、科学管理、注重效益的方针。

第四条 县级以上人民政府应当加强对Soil and water conservation工作的统一领导，将Soil and water conservation工作纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，对Soil and water conservation规划确定的任务，安排专项资金，并组织实施。

国家在水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区，实行地方各级人民政府Soil and water conservation目标责任制和考核奖惩制度。

Article 5 The department of water administration under The State Council shall be in charge of the work of soil and water conservation throughout the country。

国务院水行政主管部门在国家确定的重要江河、湖泊设立的流域管理机构（以下简称流域管理机构），在所管辖范围内依法承担Soil and water conservation监督管理职责。

The departments of water administration of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the work of soil and water conservation in their respective administrative areas。

县级以上人民政府林业、农业、国土资源等有关部门按照各自职责，做好有关的水土流失预防和治理工作。

第六条 各级人民政府及其有关部门应当加强Soil and water conservation宣传和教育工作，普及Soil and water conservation科学知识，增强公众的Soil and water conservation意识。

第七条 国家鼓励和支持Soil and water conservation科学技术研究，提高Soil and water conservation科学技术水平，推广先进的Soil and water conservation技术，培养Soil and water conservation科学技术人才。

第八条 任何单位和个人都有保护水土资源、预防和治理水土流失的义务，并有权对破坏水土资源、造成水土流失的行为进行举报。

Article 9 The State encourages and supports social forces to participate in the work of soil and water conservation。

Units and individuals that have made outstanding achievements in soil and water conservation shall be commended and rewarded by the people's governments at or above the county level。

Chapter II Planning

第十条 Soil and water conservation规划应当在水土流失调查结果及水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区划定的基础上，遵循统筹协调、分类指导的原则编制。

Article 11 The department of water administration under The State Council shall regularly organize a national soil erosion survey and publish the results of the survey。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府水行政主管部门负责本行政区域的水土流失调查并公告调查结果，公告前应当将调查结果报国务院水行政主管部门备案。

第十二条 县级以上人民政府应当依据水土流失调查结果划定并公告水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区。

对水土流失潜在危险较大的区域，应当划定为水土流失重点预防区；对水土流失严重的区域，应当划定为水土流失重点治理区。

第十三条 Soil and water conservation规划的内容应当包括水土流失状况、水土流失类型区划分、水土流失防治目标、任务和措施等。

Soil and water conservation规划包括对流域或者区域预防和治理水土流失、保护和合理利用水土资源作出的整体部署，以及根据整体部署对Soil and water conservation专项工作或者特定区域预防和治理水土流失作出的专项部署。

Soil and water conservation规划应当与土地利用总体规划、水资源规划、城乡规划和环境保护规划等相协调。

Opinions of experts and the public shall be sought in drawing up plans for soil and water conservation。

第十四条 县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门会同同级人民政府有关部门编制Soil and water conservation规划，报本级人民政府或者其授权的部门批准后，由水行政主管部门组织实施。

Soil and water conservation规划一经批准，应当严格执行；经批准的规划根据实际情况需要修改的，应当按照规划编制程序报原批准机关批准。

第十五条 有关基础设施建设、矿产资源开发、城镇建设、公共服务设施建设等方面的规划，Water and soil erosion may be caused in the course of implementation，The planning organ shall put forward countermeasures and measures for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the planning，And solicit opinions from the water administration department of the people's government at the same level before submitting the plan for examination and approval。

Chapter Three prevention

第十六条 地方各级人民政府应当按照Soil and water conservation规划，采取封育保护、自然修复等措施，组织单位和个人植树种草，扩大林草覆盖面积，涵养水源，预防和减轻水土流失。

第十七条 地方各级人民政府应当加强对取土、挖砂、采石等活动的管理，预防和减轻水土流失。

禁止在崩塌、滑坡危险区和泥石流易发区从事取土、挖砂、采石等可能造成水土流失的活动。The scope of hazardous areas for collapse and landslide and areas prone to debris flow shall be delimit and announced by the local people's governments at or above the county level。崩塌、滑坡危险区和泥石流易发区的划定，应当与地质灾害防治规划确定的地质灾害易发区、重点防治区相衔接。

第十八条 水土流失严重、生态脆弱的地区，应当限制或者禁止可能造成水土流失的生产建设活动，严格保护植物、沙壳、结皮、地衣等。

在侵蚀沟的沟坡和沟岸、河流的两岸以及湖泊和水库的周边，土地所有权人、使用权人或者有关管理单位应当营造植物保护带。Reclamation and development of plant protection belts are prohibited。

第十九条 Soil and water conservation设施的所有权人或者使用权人应当加强对Soil and water conservation设施的管理与维护，落实管护责任，保障其功能正常发挥。

Article 20 Cultivation of crops on steep slopes above 25 degrees shall be prohibited。在二十五度以上陡坡地种植经济林的，应当科学选择树种，合理确定规模，采取Soil and water conservation措施，防止造成水土流失。

省、自治区、直辖市根据本行政区域的实际情况，可以规定小于二十五度的禁止开垦坡度。The scope of land on steep slopes prohibited for reclamation shall be delimited and announced by the local people's governments at the county level。

Article 21 It is forbidden to destroy forests, destroy grass for reclamation and collect vegetables。禁止在水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区铲草皮、挖树兜或者滥挖虫草、甘草、麻黄等。

第二十二条 林木采伐应当采用合理方式，严格控制皆伐；对水源涵养林、Soil and water conservation林、防风固沙林等防护林只能进行抚育和更新性质的采伐；对采伐区和集材道应当采取防止水土流失的措施，并在采伐后及时更新造林。

Where trees are cut in forest areas, measures for soil and water conservation shall be included in the cutting plan。After the approval of the cutting plan by the competent forestry department, it shall be supervised and implemented by the competent forestry department and the competent water administration department。

第二十三条 在五度以上坡地植树造林、抚育幼林、种植中药材等，应当采取Soil and water conservation措施。

In reclaiming barren slopes with slopes below five degrees or above that are prohibited for cultivation of crops, measures for water and soil conservation shall be taken。Specific measures shall be formulated by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in the light of the actual conditions of their respective administrative areas。

第二十四条 生产建设项目选址、选线应当避让水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区；无法避让的，应当提高防治标准，优化施工工艺，减少地表扰动和植被损坏范围，有效控制可能造成的水土流失。

第二十五条 在山区、丘陵区、风沙区以及Soil and water conservation规划确定的容易发生水土流失的其他区域开办可能造成水土流失的生产建设项目，Production and construction units shall work out plans for water and soil conservation，It shall be submitted to the department of water administration of the people's government at or above the county level for examination and approval，And in accordance with approved soil and water conservation programs，We will take measures to prevent and control soil erosion。If it is unable to work out a water and soil conservation plan, it shall entrust an institution with the appropriate technical conditions to do so。

The soil and water conservation program shall include the scope, objectives, measures and investment of soil and water loss prevention and control。

Soil and water conservation方案经批准后，生产建设项目的地点、规模发生重大变化的，应当补充或者修改Soil and water conservation方案并报原审批机关批准。In the course of the implementation of the water and soil conservation plan, any major change in the water and soil conservation measures shall be approved by the original examination and approval authority。

Measures for the compilation and examination and approval of water and soil conservation plans for production and construction projects shall be formulated by the department of water administration under The State Council。

第二十六条 依法应当编制Soil and water conservation方案的生产建设项目，生产建设单位未编制Soil and water conservation方案或者Soil and water conservation方案未经水行政主管部门批准的，生产建设项目不得开工建设。

Article 27 Water and soil conservation facilities in production and construction projects for which water and soil conservation plans shall be formulated according to law，It shall be designed, constructed and put into operation simultaneously with the main part of the project;Completion and acceptance of production and construction projects，Water and soil conservation facilities shall be inspected and accepted;The water and soil conservation facilities have not been inspected or have failed to pass the inspection，Production and construction projects shall not be put into operation。

Article 28 Production and construction projects with water and soil conservation plans shall be prepared according to law，其生产建设活动中排弃的砂、石、土、矸石、尾矿、废渣等应当综合利用；不能综合利用，Necessary to be abandoned，It shall be deposited in the special storage area determined by the water and soil conservation plan，And take measures to ensure that no new hazards arise。

第二十九条 县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门、流域管理机构，应当对生产建设项目Soil and water conservation方案的实施情况进行跟踪检查，发现问题及时处理。

Chapter IV Governance

第三十条 国家加强水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区的坡耕地改梯田、淤地坝等Soil and water conservation重点工程建设，加大生态修复力度。

县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门应当加强对Soil and water conservation重点工程的建设管理，建立和完善运行管护制度。

第三十一条 国家加强江河源头区、饮用水水源保护区和水源涵养区水土流失的预防和治理工作，多渠道筹集资金，将Soil and water conservation生态效益补偿纳入国家建立的生态效益补偿制度。

第三十二条 Starting production and construction projects or engaging in other production and construction activities causes soil erosion的，应当进行治理。

在山区、丘陵区、风沙区以及Soil and water conservation规划确定的容易发生水土流失的其他区域开办生产建设项目或者从事其他生产建设活动，Damage to soil and water conservation facilities, geomorphic vegetation，Unable to restore the original water and soil conservation function，Compensation fees for water and soil conservation shall be paid，Specially used for soil erosion prevention and control。The special prevention and control of soil erosion shall be organized and implemented by the department of water administration。Soil and water conservation补偿费的收取使用管理办法由国务院财政部门、国务院价格主管部门会同国务院水行政主管部门制定。

生产建设项目在建设过程中和生产过程中发生的Soil and water conservation费用，按照国家统一的财务会计制度处理。

第三十三条 国家鼓励单位和个人按照Soil and water conservation规划参与水土流失治理，并在资金、技术、税收等方面予以扶持。

第三十四条 国家鼓励和支持承包治理荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩，防治水土流失，保护和改善生态环境，促进土地资源的合理开发和可持续利用，并依法保护土地承包合同当事人的合法权益。

承包治理荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩和承包水土流失严重地区农村土地的，在依法签订的土地承包合同中应当包括预防和治理水土流失责任的内容。

Article 35 In areas of hydraulic erosion，Local people's governments at various levels and their relevant departments shall organize units and individuals，The unit is the small watershed formed by the natural gullies and the slopes on both sides，Engineering measures, plant measures and conservation tillage measures should be adopted according to local conditions，Comprehensive control of soil and water loss in sloping farmland and gully will be carried out。

在风力侵蚀地区，Local people's governments at various levels and their relevant departments shall organize units and individuals，因地制宜地采取轮封轮牧、植树种草、设置人工沙障和网格林带等措施，建立防风固沙防护体系。

在重力侵蚀地区，Local people's governments at various levels and their relevant departments shall organize units and individuals，采取监测、径流排导、削坡减载、支挡固坡、修建拦挡工程等措施，建立监测、预报、预警体系。

Article 36 In drinking water source protection areas，Local people's governments at various levels and their relevant departments shall organize units and individuals，Preventive protection, natural restoration and comprehensive management measures will be adopted，Plant filtration belt is built，Actively promote biogas，Clean small watersheds will be developed，Strictly control the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides，Reduce non-point source pollution caused by soil erosion，Protect drinking water sources。

第三十七条 已在禁止开垦的陡坡地上开垦种植农作物的，应当按照国家有关规定退耕，植树种草；耕地短缺、退耕确有困难的，应当修建梯田或者采取其他Soil and water conservation措施。

在禁止开垦坡度以下的坡耕地上开垦种植农作物的，应当根据不同情况，采取修建梯田、坡面水系整治、蓄水保土耕作或者退耕等措施。

第三十八条 对生产建设活动所占用土地的地表土应当进行分层剥离、保存和利用，做到土石方挖填平衡，减少地表扰动范围；对废弃的砂、石、土、矸石、尾矿、废渣等存放地，应当采取拦挡、坡面防护、防洪排导等措施。生产建设活动结束后，应当及时在取土场、开挖面和存放地的裸露土地上植树种草、恢复植被，对闭库的尾矿库进行复垦。

在干旱缺水地区从事生产建设活动，应当采取防止风力侵蚀措施，设置降水蓄渗设施，充分利用降水资源。

第三十九条 国家鼓励和支持在山区、丘陵区、风沙区以及容易发生水土流失的其他区域，采取下列有利于Soil and water conservation的措施：

(1) no-tillage, contour tillage, rotational tillage, grass field rotation, intercropping, etc.;

(2) prohibition of tending, rotational sealing and rotational grazing, and enclosure feeding;

(3) The development of biogas and fuel-saving stoves, the utilization of solar, wind and hydro energy, and the substitution of fuelwood with coal, electricity and gas;

(4) Outward migration from ecologically fragile areas;

(5) Other measures conducive to soil and water conservation。

Chapter V Monitoring and supervision

第四十条 县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门应当加强Soil and water conservation监测工作，发挥Soil and water conservation监测工作在政府决策、经济社会发展和社会公众服务中的作用。People's governments at or above the county level shall guarantee funds for soil and water conservation monitoring。

The department of water administration under The State Council shall improve the national soil and water conservation monitoring network and conduct dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss throughout the country。

第四十一条 对可能造成严重水土流失的大中型生产建设项目，生产建设单位应当自行或者委托具备Soil and water conservation监测资质的机构，对生产建设活动造成的水土流失进行监测，并将监测情况定期上报当地水行政主管部门。

Relevant technical standards, norms and regulations of the State shall be observed in soil and water conservation monitoring activities to ensure the quality of monitoring。

第四十二条 国务院水行政主管部门和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府水行政主管部门应当根据Soil and water conservation监测情况，定期对下列事项进行公告：

(1) The type, area, intensity, distribution and changing trend of soil and water loss;

(2) damage caused by water and soil erosion;

(3) Prevention and control of soil erosion。

Article 43 The department of water administration of the people's government at or above the county level shall be responsible for supervision and inspection of the state of water and soil conservation。River basin management institutions may, within their jurisdiction, exercise the supervision and inspection powers of the water administration department under The State Council。

Article 44 When performing their duties of supervision and inspection according to law, the water administration supervisors and inspectors shall have the right to take the following measures:

(1) requiring the units or individuals under inspection to provide relevant documents, licenses and materials;

(2) require the units or individuals under inspection to make explanations on the prevention and control of soil erosion;

(3) entering the scene for investigation and evidence collection。

被检查单位或者个人拒不停止违法行为，造成严重水土流失的，报经水行政主管部门批准，可以查封、扣押实施违法行为的工具及施工机械、设备等。

Article 45 When the water administration supervisors and inspectors perform their duties of supervision and inspection according to law, they shall produce their law enforcement certificates。被检查单位或者个人对Soil and water conservation监督检查工作应当给予配合，如实报告情况，提供有关文件、证照、资料；不得拒绝或者阻碍水政监督检查人员依法执行公务。

第四十六条 不同行政区域之间发生水土流失纠纷应当协商解决；协商不成的，由共同的上一级人民政府裁决。

Chapter VI Legal liability

Article 47 The water administration department or any other department exercising supervision and management power in accordance with the provisions of this Law，Failing to make administrative licensing decisions or handle approval documents in accordance with law，Where an illegal act is discovered or a report on an illegal act is not investigated and dealt with，Or commits other acts that fail to perform their duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law，The persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible shall be given sanctions according to law。

Article 48 Violation of the provisions of this Law，在崩塌、滑坡危险区或者泥石流易发区从事取土、挖砂、采石等可能造成水土流失的活动的，The department of water administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act，Confiscation of illegal gains，A fine of not less than 1,000 yuan but not more than 10,000 yuan shall be imposed on an individual，A fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit。

Article 49 Violation of this Law，Cultivation of crops on steep slopes above prohibited cultivation slopes，Or reclaiming or developing within the plant protection zone where reclaiming or developing is prohibited，The department of water administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act，Take remedial measures such as returning farmland and restoring vegetation;According to reclaimed or developed area，A fine of not more than two yuan per square meter may be imposed on an individual and not more than 10 yuan per square meter may be imposed on a unit。

第五十条 违反本法规定，毁林、毁草开垦的，依照《十大正规网堵平台》、《十大网堵平台》的有关规定处罚。

Article 51 Violation of the provisions of this Law，Gather vegetables，或者在水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区铲草皮、挖树兜、滥挖虫草、甘草、麻黄等的，The department of water administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act，Take remedial action，Confiscation of illegal gains，Shall also be fined not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal gains;No illegal gains，May be imposed a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan。

Anyone who commits an illegal act as prescribed in the preceding paragraph in a grassland area shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China。

Article 52 Failing to take measures to prevent soil and water loss in forest areas where trees are harvested according to law，The competent forestry department and the competent water administration department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order correction within a time limit，Take remedial measures;Causing soil erosion，The department in charge of water administration shall impose a fine of not less than two yuan but not more than ten yuan per square meter according to the area causing soil erosion。

Article 53 Violation of the provisions of this Law，Committing any of the following acts，The department of water administration of the people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act，Make up the formalities within a time limit;Failing to go through the formalities within the time limit，处五万元以上五十万元以下的罚款；对生产建设单位直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分：

（一）依法应当编制Soil and water conservation方案的生产建设项目，未编制Soil and water conservation方案或者编制的Soil and water conservation方案未经批准而开工建设的；

（二）生产建设项目的地点、规模发生重大变化，未补充、修改Soil and water conservation方案或者补充、修改的Soil and water conservation方案未经原审批机关批准的；

（三）Soil and water conservation方案实施过程中，未经原审批机关批准，对Soil and water conservation措施作出重大变更的。

第五十四条 违反本法规定，Soil and water conservation设施未经验收或者验收不合格将生产建设项目投产使用的，由县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门责令停止生产或者使用，直至验收合格，并处五万元以上五十万元以下的罚款。

Article 55 Violation of the provisions of this Law，Dumping sand, stone, soil, gangue, tailings, waste residue, etc., in areas other than the special storage areas determined by the water and soil conservation plan，The department of water administration of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order the cessation of the illegal act，Liquidation within a specified period，A fine of not less than 10 yuan but not more than 20 yuan per cubic meter according to the quantity dumped;Failing to clean up after the time limit，The water administration department of the local people's government at or above the county level may designate a unit that has the capacity to clean up on its behalf，The cost shall be borne by the wrongdoer。

Article 56 Violation of the provisions of this Law，Starting production and construction projects or engaging in other production and construction activities causes soil erosion，Not governed，The water administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level shall order treatment within a prescribed time limit;Failing to take care of it within the time limit，The water administration department of the people's government at or above the county level may designate a unit with the capacity to administer the water on its behalf，The cost shall be borne by the wrongdoer。

第五十七条 违反本法规定，拒不缴纳Soil and water conservation补偿费的，由县级以上人民政府水行政主管部门责令限期缴纳；逾期不缴纳的，自滞纳之日起按日加收滞纳部分万分之五的滞纳金，可以处应缴Soil and water conservation补偿费三倍以下的罚款。

第五十八条 违反本法规定，造成水土流失危害的，依法承担民事责任；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

第五十九条 县级以上地方人民政府根据当地实际情况确定的负责Soil and water conservation工作的机构，行使本法规定的水行政主管部门Soil and water conservation工作的职责。

Article 60 This Law shall come into force as of March 1, 2011。